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C
calendar: a schedule of matters to be heard in court calendar call: the calling of matters requiring parties, or their attorneys, to appear and be heard, usually done at the beginning of each court day caption: in a pleading, deposition or other paper connected with a case in court, it is the heading or introductory clause which shows the names of the parties, name of the court, number of the case on the docket or calendar, etc. case file: the court file containing papers submitted in a case cause of action: grounds on which a legal action may be brought (e.g., property damage, personal injury, goods sold and delivered, work labor and services). certified copy: Copy of a document signed and certified as a true copy of an original by the Clerk of the Court or other authorized persons (e.g., lawyer). certificate of readiness: a document attesting that the parties in a lawsuit are ready to go to trial certify: to testify in writing certiorari: a proceeding in the state Supreme Court under Art. 78 of the CPLR to review the decisions or actions of a public official or body, as in a tax certiorari matter, a review of the tax assessed challenge an exception taken to a juror before he/she is sworn challenge for a challenge based on a legally specified reason change of venue: the removal of a suit begun in one county or district to another county or district for trial, though the term may also apply to the removal of a suit from one court to another court of the same county or district charge to jury: in trial practice, an address delivered by the court to the jury at the close of the case instructing the jury as to what principles of law they are to apply in reaching a decision chattel: article of personal property citation: 1) summons to appear; 2) reference to authorities in support of an argument clerk's extract: a summary of a trial which is written by a clerk clerk's minutes: notes, which are taken by a clerk, of events that occurred in court commissioner of jurors: a person in charge of summoning citizens for jury duty commitment: an order to commit a person to the custody of a sheriff, commissioner of corrections, or mental health facility common law: the body of law which originated in England and upon which present day U.S. law is based compensatory damages: reimbursement for actual loss or injury, as distinguished from exemplary or punitive damages complaint: the initial pleading in an action formally setting forth the facts and reasons on which the demand for relief is based condemnation: see eminent domain consanguinity: Related by blood. conservator: one who is appointed by a court to manage the affairs of a protected person consolidated action: two or more actions involving a common question of law or fact may be consolidated by the court; the actions then are merged, becoming one action with one title, and they result in one verdict and one judgment contempt of court: an act or omission tending to obstruct or interfere with the orderly administration of justice or to impair the dignity of the court or respect for its authority consolidate: A joining of two or more actions to be tried together. contested action: an action which involves disputed issue(s) of fact or law contract: a legally enforceable agreement between two or more persons or parties (oral or written) corroborate: to strengthen; to add weight by additional evidence costs: The statutory sum awarded to the successful party when a judgment is entered. (Section 1901 all Court Acts.) counsel: Lawyer or attorney. counterclaim: 1. In civil actions, a claim brought by a defendant against the plaintiff for an unlimited amount of money. 2. In small claims/commercial claims, a claim brought by a defendant against the plaintiff for an amount not to exceed the maximum monetary jurisdiction allowed in the small claims/commercial claims court. court of limited jurisdiction: A City Court, District Court or other court that has jurisdiction only over actions authorized by law. court reporter: a person who transcribes by shorthand or stenographically takes down testimony during court proceedings crossclaim: claim litigated by co-defendants or co-plaintiffs against each other and not against a party on the opposite side of the litigation cross- examination: questioning by a party or his attorney of an adverse party or a witness called by an adverse party
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